He Creative Artists Grant From the Japanus Friendship Commissionnational Endowment of the Arts

Human expression, commonly influenced by culture

The arts are a very wide range of human practices of creative expression, storytelling and cultural participation. They encompass multiple diverse and plural modes of thinking, doing and being, in an extremely broad range of media. Both highly dynamic and a characteristically constant characteristic of human life, they have developed into innovative, stylized and sometimes intricate forms. This is frequently achieved through sustained and deliberate study, training and/or theorizing inside a detail tradition, across generations and fifty-fifty between civilizations. The arts are a vehicle through which human being beings cultivate distinct social, cultural and individual identities, while transmitting values, impressions, judgments, ideas, visions, spiritual meanings, patterns of life and experiences across time and infinite.

Prominent examples of the arts include architecture, visual arts (including ceramics, drawing, filmmaking, painting, photography, and sculpting), literary arts (including fiction, drama, poesy, and prose), performing arts (including dance, music, and theatre), textiles and fashion, folk art and handicraft, oral storytelling, conceptual and installation art, criticism, and culinary arts (including cooking, chocolate making and winemaking). They can utilize skill and imagination to produce objects, performances, convey insights and experiences, and construct new environments and spaces.

The arts tin can refer to common, popular or everyday practices equally well as more than sophisticated and systematic, or institutionalized ones. They can be discrete and self-contained, or combine and interweave with other fine art forms, such as the combination of artwork with the written word in comics. They can also develop or contribute to some particular attribute of a more complex fine art form, as in cinematography.

By definition, the arts themselves are open up to beingness continually re-defined. The practice of modernistic art, for instance, is a testament to the shifting boundaries, improvisation and experimentation, reflexive nature, and cocky-criticism or questioning that art and its conditions of product, reception, and possibility can undergo.

As both a means of developing capacities of attention and sensitivity, and as ends in themselves, the arts can simultaneously be a form of response to the world, and a mode that our responses, and what we deem worthwhile goals or pursuits, are transformed. From prehistoric cave paintings, to ancient and contemporary forms of ritual, to mod-day films, art has served to register, embody and preserve our ever shifting relationships to each other and to the world.

Definition

In that location are several possible meanings for the definitions of the terms Fine art and Arts.^[a] The first meaning of the word art is « manner of doing ».^[1] The nearly basic present meaning defines the arts as specific activities that produce sensitivity in humans.^[2] The arts are also referred to as bringing together all creative and imaginative activities, without including science.^[b] ^[3] ^[4] In its most bones abstract definition, art is a documented expression of a sentient being through or on an accessible medium so that anyone can view, hear or experience information technology. The act itself of producing an expression tin also be referred to as a certain art, or as art in general. Whether this solidified expression, or the deed of producing it, is "skillful" or has value depends on those who admission and rate it. Such public rating is dependent on various subjective factors. Merriam-Webster defines "the arts" as "painting, sculpture, music, theatre, literature, etc., considered as a group of activities done past people with skill and imagination."^[five] Similarly, the United States Congress, in the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Human action, defined "the arts" equally follows:

The term "the arts" includes, but is not limited to, music (instrumental and vocal), dance, drama, folk fine art, creative writing, architecture and centrolineal fields, painting, sculpture, photography, graphic and arts and crafts arts, industrial blueprint, costume and mode blueprint, motion pictures, idiot box, radio, film, video, record and sound recording, the arts related to the presentation, performance, execution, and exhibition of such major art forms, all those traditional arts practiced by the diverse peoples of this country. (sic) and the report and awarding of the arts to the human environment.^[6]

Art is a global activity in which a big number of disciplines are included, such as: fine arts, liberal arts, visual arts, decorative arts, applied arts, pattern, crafts, performing arts,^[three] ... We are talking about "the arts" when several of them are mentioned: "As in all arts the enjoyment increases with the noesis of the art".^[seven]

The arts can be divided into several areas, the fine arts which bring together, in the broad sense, all the arts whose aim is to produce true aesthetic pleasure,^[eight] decorative arts and applied arts which relate to an artful side in everyday life.^[9]

History

The earliest surviving form of whatever of the arts are cavern paintings, possibly from 70,000 BCE, but definitely from at to the lowest degree 40,000 BCE.^[10] The oldest known musical instrument, the purported Divje Babe Flute—fabricated from a young cave bear femur—is dated to 43,000 and 82,000 BCE, simply whether it is truly a musical musical instrument (or an object created by animals) remains extremely controversial.^[11] The earliest objects whose designations as musical instruments are widely accepted are 8 os flutes from the Swabian Jura, Deutschland; three of these from the Geissenklösterle are dated as the oldest, c. 43,150–39,370 BP.^[12] The earliest surviving literature appears much later on; the Instructions of Shuruppak and Kesh temple hymn amid other Sumerian cuneiform tablets, are thought to merely exist from 2600 BCE.^[13]

In Aboriginal Hellenic republic, all art and arts and crafts was referred to by the same word, techne. Thus, at that place was no distinction among the arts. Ancient Greek art brought the veneration of the animal form and the development of equivalent skills to show musculature, poise, beauty, and anatomically right proportions. Ancient Roman art depicted gods as idealized humans, shown with feature distinguishing features (east.g. Zeus' thunderbolt). In Byzantine and Gothic art of the Centre Ages, the dominance of the church insisted on the expression of biblical truths. Eastern art has by and large worked in a mode akin to Western medieval art, namely a concentration on surface patterning and local color (meaning the obviously colour of an object, such as basic cerise for a crimson robe, rather than the modulations of that color brought about by light, shade and reflection). A characteristic of this style is that the local colour is ofttimes defined past an outline (a contemporary equivalent is the cartoon). This is axiomatic in, for example, the art of India, Tibet and Nippon. Religious Islamic art forbids iconography, and instead expresses religious ideas through calligraphy and geometrical designs.

Classifications

In the Middle Ages, the Artes Liberales (liberal arts) were taught in universities as part of the Trivium, an introductory curriculum involving grammer, rhetoric, and logic,^[xiv] and of the Quadrivium, a curriculum involving the "mathematical arts" of arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy.^[15] The Artes Mechanicae (consisting of vestiaria – tailoring and weaving; agricultura – agriculture; architectura – architecture and masonry; militia and venatoria – warfare, hunting, military teaching, and the martial arts; mercatura – trade; coquinaria – cooking; and metallaria – blacksmithing and metallurgy)^[16] ^{[ not specific enough to verify ]} were practised and developed in social club environments. The mod distinction between "creative" and "non-artistic" skills did not develop until the Renaissance. In modern academia, the arts are unremarkably grouped with or as a subset of the humanities. Some subjects in the humanities are history, linguistics, literature, theology, philosophy, and logic.

The arts have as well been classified every bit 7: painting, architecture, sculpture, literature, music, performing and movie theater. Some view literature, painting, sculpture, and music every bit the main four arts, of which the others are derivative; drama is literature with acting, dance is music expressed through move, and vocal is music with literature and voice.^[17] Film is sometimes chosen the "eighth" and comics the "ninth fine art".^[18]

Visual arts

Architecture

Architecture is the art and scientific discipline of designing buildings and structures. The word architecture comes from the Greek arkhitekton, "master builder, director of works," from αρχι- (arkhi) "chief" + τεκτων (tekton) "builder, carpenter".^[nineteen] A wider definition would include the blueprint of the built surround, from the macrolevel of town planning, urban pattern, and landscape architecture to the microlevel of creating furniture. Architectural design usually must address both feasibility and cost for the builder, likewise equally role and aesthetics for the user.

In modern usage, architecture is the fine art and discipline of creating, or inferring an implied or credible plan of, a circuitous object or system. The term tin be used to connote the unsaid architecture of abstract things such as music or mathematics, the credible architecture of natural things, such every bit geological formations or the structure of biological cells, or explicitly planned architectures of human-made things such as software, computers, enterprises, and databases, in addition to buildings. In every usage, an compages may be seen equally a subjective mapping from a homo perspective (that of the user in the case of abstract or concrete artifacts) to the elements or components of some kind of structure or system, which preserves the relationships amid the elements or components. Planned architecture manipulates infinite, volume, texture, low-cal, shadow, or abstract elements in guild to achieve pleasing aesthetics. This distinguishes information technology from engineering science or engineering, which usually concentrate more on the functional and feasibility aspects of the design of constructions or structures.

In the field of edifice compages, the skills demanded of an architect range from the more than complex, such as for a hospital or a stadium, to the plainly simpler, such as planning residential houses. Many architectural works may be seen also equally cultural and political symbols, or works of art. The office of the architect, though changing, has been central to the successful (and sometimes less than successful) design and implementation of pleasingly built environments in which people live.

Ceramics

Ceramic art is art made from ceramic materials (including clay), which may take forms such as pottery, tile, figurines, sculpture, and tableware. While some ceramic products are considered fine fine art, some are considered to be decorative, industrial, or applied art objects. Ceramics may also be considered artefacts in archaeology. Ceramic fine art can exist made by 1 person or past a group of people. In a pottery or ceramic factory, a grouping of people design, industry, and decorate the pottery. Products from a pottery are sometimes referred to as "fine art pottery." In a one-person pottery studio, ceramists or potters produce studio pottery. In modernistic ceramic technology usage, "ceramics" is the art and science of making objects from inorganic, non-metallic materials past the activeness of oestrus. It excludes glass and mosaic made from glass tesserae.

Conceptual fine art

Conceptual art is art wherein the concept(s) or idea(s) involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and textile concerns. The inception of the term in the 1960s referred to a strict and focused exercise of idea-based art that often defied traditional visual criteria associated with the visual arts in its presentation as text.^[twenty] Through its clan with the Young British Artists and the Turner Prize during the 1990s,^[21] its popular usage, particularly in the United Kingdom, developed as a synonym for all gimmicky art that does non do the traditional skills of painting and sculpture.

Drawing

Drawing is a means of making an epitome, using any of a wide variety of tools and techniques. Information technology generally involves making marks on a surface by applying pressure from a tool, or moving a tool across a surface. Common tools are graphite pencils, pen and ink, inked brushes, wax colour pencils, crayons, charcoals, pastels, and markers. Digital tools which can simulate the effects of these are also used. The main techniques used in cartoon are line drawing, hatching, crosshatching, random hatching, scribbling, stippling, and blending. An artist who excels in cartoon is referred to as a drafter, draftswoman, or draughtsman.^[22] Drawing tin be used to create art used in cultural industries such as illustrations, comics and animation. Comics are frequently called the "ninth art" (le neuvième art) in Francophone scholarship, adding to the traditional "Seven Arts".^[23]

Painting

Painting is a way of creative expression, and tin be done in numerous forms. Cartoon, gesture (equally in gestural painting), composition, narration (as in narrative fine art), or abstraction (every bit in abstruse art), amid other aesthetic modes, may serve to manifest the expressive and conceptual intention of the practitioner.^[24] Paintings can exist naturalistic and representational (as in a notwithstanding life or mural painting), photographic, abstract, narrative, symbolistic (as in Symbolist art), emotive (as in Expressionism), or political in nature (equally in Artivism).

Modern painters have extended the practice considerably to include, for example, collage. Collage is not painting in the strict sense since it includes other materials. Some modern painters incorporate different materials such as sand, cement, straw, wood or strands of hair for their artwork texture. Examples of this are the works of Jean Dubuffet or Anselm Kiefer.

Photography

Photography equally an art form refers to photographs that are created in accordance with the creative vision of the lensman. Art photography stands in contrast to photojournalism, which provides a visual account for news events, and commercial photography, the primary focus of which is to advertise products or services.

Sculpture

Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving (the removal of material) and modelling (the addition of material, every bit clay), in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials; only since modernism, shifts in sculptural process led to an almost complete freedom of materials and process. A wide variety of materials may be worked by removal such as etching, assembled by welding or modelling, or moulded, or cast.

Literary arts

Literature is literally "acquaintance with messages" as in the first sense given in the Oxford English language Dictionary. The noun "literature" comes from the Latin give-and-take littera significant "an individual written graphic symbol (letter)." The term has mostly come to identify a collection of writings, which in Western culture are mainly prose (both fiction and non-fiction), drama and poetry. In much, if not all of the world, the creative linguistic expression tin can exist oral as well, and include such genres as epic, legend, myth, ballad, other forms of oral poesy, and as folktale. Comics, the combination of drawings or other visual arts with narrating literature, are often called the "9th art" (le neuvième art) in Francophone scholarship.^[23]

Performing arts

Performing arts comprise dance, music, theatre, opera, mime, and other art forms in which a human performance is the principal product. Performing arts are distinguished by this operation element in contrast with disciplines such as visual and literary arts where the production is an object that does not crave a performance to be observed and experienced. Each discipline in the performing arts is temporal in nature, significant the product is performed over a catamenia of time. Products are broadly categorized as beingness either repeatable (for instance, by script or score) or improvised for each functioning.^[25] Artists who participate in these arts in front of an audience are called performers, including actors, magicians, comedians, dancers, musicians, and singers. Performing arts are as well supported by the services of other artists or essential workers, such as songwriting and stagecraft. Performers often adapt their appearance with tools such as costume and stage makeup.

Dance

Dance (from Old French dancier, of unknown origin) mostly refers to human motility either used every bit a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or operation setting.^[26] Dance is also used to depict methods of non-exact communication (see body linguistic communication) between humans or animals (e.g. bee dance, mating dance), motion in inanimate objects (due east.g. the leaves danced in the wind), and certain musical forms or genres. Choreography is the fine art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. Definitions of what constitutes trip the light fantastic toe are dependent on social, cultural, aesthetic, artistic and moral constraints and range from functional movement (such as Folk dance) to codified, virtuoso techniques such equally ballet. In sports, gymnastics, figure skating and synchronized pond are dance disciplines while Martial arts "kata" are ofttimes compared to dances.

Music

Music is an art course whose medium is sound and silence, occurring in time. Mutual elements of music are pitch (which governs melody and harmony), rhythm (and its associated concepts tempo, metre, and joint), dynamics, and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture. The cosmos, functioning, significance, and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions (and their reproduction in performance) through improvisational music to aleatoric pieces. Music can exist divided into genres and subgenres, although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle, sometimes open to private interpretation, and occasionally controversial. Within "the arts", music may exist classified equally a performing art, a fine art, and auditory art.

Theatre

Theatre or theater (from Greek theatron (θέατρον); from theasthai, "behold"^[27]) is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of spoken communication, gesture, music, trip the light fantastic, sound and spectacle – indeed, whatsoever one or more than elements of the other performing arts. In addition to the standard narrative dialogue way, theatre takes such forms as opera, ballet, mime, kabuki, classical Indian trip the light fantastic, Chinese opera and mummers' plays.

Multidisciplinary artistic works

Areas exist in which artistic works incorporate multiple artistic fields, such as film, opera and functioning art. While opera is oftentimes categorized in the performing arts of music, the word itself is Italian for "works", because opera combines several artistic disciplines in a atypical creative experience. In a typical traditional opera, the entire work utilizes the post-obit: the sets (visual arts), costumes (fashion), interim (dramatic performing arts), the libretto, or the words/story (literature), and singers and an orchestra (music).

The composer Richard Wagner recognized the fusion of so many disciplines into a single work of opera, exemplified past his cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen ("The Ring of the Nibelung"). He did not use the term opera for his works, but instead Gesamtkunstwerk ("synthesis of the arts"), sometimes referred to every bit "Music Drama" in English, emphasizing the literary and theatrical components which were every bit important as the music. Classical ballet is some other course which emerged in the 17th century in which orchestral music is combined with dance.

Other works in the late 19th, 20th and 21st centuries have fused other disciplines in unique and creative ways, such every bit functioning art. Performance art is a functioning over time which combines whatever number of instruments, objects, and art within a predefined or less well-defined structure, some of which can be improvised. Performance art may be scripted, unscripted, random or advisedly organized; even audition participation may occur. John Cage is regarded by many every bit a performance artist rather than a composer, although he preferred the latter term. He did not etch for traditional ensembles. Cage's limerick Living Room Music composed in 1940 is a "quartet" for unspecified instruments, really non-melodic objects, which can exist found in a living room of a typical house, hence the championship.

Other arts

There is no clear line between art and civilization. Cultural fields like gastronomy are sometimes considered as arts.^[28]

Practical arts

The applied arts are the application of pattern and decoration to everyday, functional, objects to make them aesthetically pleasing.^[29] The applied arts includes fields such as industrial design, illustration, and commercial art.^[xxx] The term "applied art" is used in distinction to the fine arts, where the latter is defined every bit arts that aims to produce objects which are beautiful or provide intellectual stimulation but accept no primary everyday office. In practice, the two often overlap.

Video games

A argue exists in the fine arts and video game cultures over whether video games can be counted as an art form.^[31] Game designer Hideo Kojima professes that video games are a type of service, not an art form, considering they are meant to entertain and attempt to entertain as many people as possible, rather than being a single creative vocalization (despite Kojima himself being considered a gaming auteur, and the mixed opinions his games typically receive). However, he acknowledged that since video games are made up of artistic elements (for example, the visuals), game designers could be considered museum curators – not creating artistic pieces, but arranging them in a manner that displays their artistry and sells tickets.

Inside social sciences, cultural economists show how video games playing is conducive to the involvement in more traditional art forms and cultural practices, which suggests the complementarity betwixt video games and the arts.^[32]

In May 2011, the National Endowment of the Arts included video games in its redefinition of what is considered a "work of fine art" when applying for a grant.^[33] In 2012, the Smithsonian American Art Museum presented an showroom, The Art of the Video Game.^[34] Reviews of the exhibit were mixed, including questioning whether video games belong in an art museum.

Arts criticism

Architecture criticism
Art criticism
Dance criticism
Film criticism
Music criticism
Telly criticism
Theatre criticism
Literary criticism

Meet also

Arts in education
The arts and politics

Notes

^ The term Art comes from the Latin ars, artis.
^ Historically, science has long been opposed to art, because fine art was characterised as a discipline that could not exist learned (different science).

References

^ Valéry 1935, p. 683.
^ "Définition de l'art" [Definition of fine art] (in French). Éditions Larousse. Archived from the original on 31 March 2021. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
^ ^a ^b "Art Definition: Meaning, Classification of Visual Arts". visual-arts-cork.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
^ "The arts definition and meaning". Collins English language Dictionary. Archived from the original on 11 July 2017. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
^ "Definition of The Arts by Merriam-Webster". Merriam-Webster. Archived from the original on i June 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2017.
^ Van Camp 2006.
^ Hemingway 2003, p. eleven.
^ "Définition de Beaux-Arts" [Definition of Fine Arts] (in French). Bayard Presse. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved eight June 2020. The fine arts include painting, sculpture, certain graphic arts and architecture. Music and poetry are sometimes called fine fine art.
^ "Définition de arts appliqués" [Definition of applied arts] (in French). L'Internaute. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020. The applied arts bring together under 1 imprint all the activities that bring an aesthetic side to everyday life. These arts are practiced past designers, who are in accuse of embellishing what surrounds the individual.
^ St. Fleur 2018, p. 10.
^ Morley 2013, pp. 38–39.
^ Morley 2013, pp. 42–43.
^ Diedrich 2015, p. one.
^ Onions, Friedrichsen & Burchfield 1991, p. 994.
^ "Quadrivium". The New International Encyclopædia. 1905 – via Wikisource. The quadrivium consisted of arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy.
^ In his commentary on Martianus Capella'south early fifth century work, The Marriage of Philology and Mercury, one of the chief sources for medieval reflection on the liberal arts
^ Rowlands & Landauer 2001.
^ Ryynänen, Max (2020). On the Philosophy of Central European Art: The History of an Institution and Its Global Competitors. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 37. ISBN978-1-7936-3418-iv.
^ Harper 2016.
^ LeWitt 1967, pp. 79–83.
^ Huntsman 2015, p. 221.
^ "The definition of draftsman". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 29 October 2016. Retrieved 29 Oct 2016.
^ ^a ^b Miller 2007, p. 23.
^ Perry 2014, p. 85.
^ Honderich 2006.
^ Fraleigh 1987, p. 3.
^ Harper, Douglas (2001–2016). "theater (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on thirty October 2016. Retrieved 29 Oct 2016.
^ Desai, DeSimone & Henig 2013.
^ Chilvers 2004, p. 29.
^ "Define Practical art at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. Archived from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 8 May 2018.
^ Parker 2012, p. 42.
^ Borowiecki & Prieto-Rodriguez 2013, pp. 239–258.
^ Barber 2012.
^ Parker 2012, p. 46.

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External links

Media related to The arts at Wikimedia Commons
Topic Dictionaries at Oxford Learner's Dictionaries
Definition of Fine art past Lexico

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_arts